ILC2s were originally found to be activated by epithelial
cell derived cytokines to induce the secretion of Th2 cytokines, IL-5 and
IL-13. Recent research has shown that lipid mediators play a large role in the
activation and inhibition of ILC2 function.
Unlike the traditional epithelial cell derived cytokines
IL-33 and IL-25, lipid mediators have been shown to promote ILC2 secretion of
not only IL-5 and IL-13, but the secretion of IL-4 as well. Prostaglandin
D2 has been shown to be a potent chemoattractant of ILC2s as well as a
potent activator of ILC2s to release Th2 cytokines.
In addition to prostaglandin D2, cysteinyl leukotrienes also
activate ILC2s to secrete Th2 cytokines during inflammation. Notably, lipid
mediators have been shown to work in concert with epithelial cell derived
cytokines to increase IL-5 and IL-13 secretion from ILC2s.
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