Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are
self-renewing stem cells identified in rodent and human bone marrow aspirates
based on their ability to form adherent clonogenic clusters (CFU-F; colony
forming units-fibroblastic) in vitro, and by their capacity to differentiate into
multiple specialized mesodermal cell lineages.
Similar MSC-like populations have
been described in various tissues with different growth and differentiation
potentials. These MSC-like
populations share a common immunophenotype based on the cell surface
expression of various markers, but not limited, to STRO-1, CD73, CD105, CD106,
CD90, CD146 and CD166, while lacking expression of CD34, CD3, CD14, CD19, CD31,
CD34, CD45, Glycophorin-A and HLA-DR.
In the last few decades, MSC have
generated considerable interest due to their production of cytokines and growth
factors, which act as potent mediators of angiogenesis, regeneration of damaged
tissues, hematopoiesis and immune cell responses. In particular, the paracrine
properties of MSC, makes them highly desirable as potential cellular therapies
to treat a variety of immune/inflammatory based diseases and conditions.
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