Different from allantoin in avian
species, the end-product of purine metabolism in human being is uric acid due
to 2 non-sense mutations at codons 33 and 187 of urate oxidase during hominoid
evolution.
The solubility of uric acid in
the fluid milieu reaches a maximum of 6.8 mg/dl and becomes hyper-saturation
status in plasma when over its solubility capacity. Many factors including
[Na+], pH, temperature, oncostatic pressure, and in presence of nucleating
factors/growth promoting factors may accelerate crystal formation in the
joints, periarticular soft tissues, renal tubules or subcutaneous locations.
Thus, acute inflammation elicited
by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal deposition occurs usually in the
low-temperature joints especially in the lower limbs. Usually, the acute
inflammation in the joint of patients with acute attack may last a few days
from 7-10 days.
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