Rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic
autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. At the tissue
and organ level, respectively, RA is associated with sustained synovial joint
inflammation which may also go on to affect other peripheral organs.
At the cellular
level, RA is characterized by defective innate and adaptive immune responses.
Thus, experimental
studies designed to dissect out the progression of RA changes have noted the
extensive presence of activated T-lymphocytes with associated B-cell
hyperactivity, as well as heightened migration, adhesion and retention of
activated macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils emanating from the
peripheral circulation and reaching synovial tissue.
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