The surface
haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is the immunogenic target for most of the
influenza virus immune responses and consists of a globular head and a stalk
domain.
Recent advances
have been made towards the design of a universal influenza
virus vaccine to protect against different virus strains based on conserved
domains of the HA molecule eliciting broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAb).
Development of a
universal vaccine for influenza that induces long-lived cross-protective
immunity would displace the need for annual seasonal vaccination; prediction of
circulating strains and vaccine reformulation.
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