Oncolytic
immunotherapy consists in the use of non-pathogenic replicative viruses that
infect preferentially or exclusively tumor cells and induces immunogenic cell
death able to induce or stimulate an antitumor immune response.
In October 2015,
a first oncolytic virus (OV) was approved by the FDA for the
treatment of metastatic melanoma: the Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-Vec) from
Amgen that is now commercialized under the name of Imlygic. T-Vec is a modified
type I herpes simplex virus (HSV-I) with insertion and deletion of two genes.
The two inserted
genes encode the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(GM-CSF) to stimulate the antitumor immune response and the HSV US11 protein to
increase viral replication.
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